PRODUCTION
The person who supervised and financed the presentation
of drama was called a choregos. Serving as a choregos was
just one of the various public services called liturgies (literally ‘work
on behalf of the people’), required of wealthy Athenians as a kind of income
tax. Some citizens even undertook this duty voluntarily or if compelled,
they were generous and spent more than the legal minimum. One author
quotes an anonymous Spartan who was dismayed by excessive Athenian expenditures
on trivial matters like drama instead of on serious affairs like the military
(Plutarch, On the Glory of Athens 348d-349b):
If the cost of the production of each drama
were reckoned, the Athenian people would appear to have spent more on the
production of Bacchaes and Phoenician Women and Oedipuses
and the misfortunes of Medeas and Electras than they did on maintaining
their empire and fighting for their liberty against the Persians.
The responsibilities of the choregos were
the following:
-
Provide a place to train chorus.
-
House and feed chorus and actors.
-
Pay for costumes and props.
-
Pay for extra actors (mutes).
-
Choose poet and aulos player from the archon’s
list.
-
Hire a chorus director (didâskalos,
literally ‘a teacher’), if poet didn’t do this himself.
-
Pay for dedication to Dionysus, if he won.
On the street leading to the entrance into
the sanctuary of Dionysus in Athens, victorious choregoi set up
bronze tripods to commemorate their victories in dramatic and other choral
performances. The tripods were sometimes supported by small buildings.
Below we see the best preserved choregic monument dedicated by a certain
Lysicrates in 335/4 BC. Some winning choregoi made less expensive
dedications like masks and costumes, or tablets on which a dramatic scene
had been painted.

The choregos might also take it upon
himself to distribute wine and food to the audience, no doubt to win their
good will. Aristotle mentions that he noticed a significant increase
in eating when the acting was bad (Nicomachean Ethics 1175b).
The Athenian audience seems to have been anything but polite, expressing
loud approval or disapproval of the performances. The disapproval
could involve shouting, hissing, clucking, and heel banging.
Sometimes they even threw food. Because of the unruliness of the
audience, theater police were present, called “rod holders” (rhabdouchoi)
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