This fragment of a vase painting is an indication of what the skene or stage-building looked like.  In the fifth and first three quarters of the fourth century BC, the various elements of the architectural façade you see here were just images painted on a flat panel called skenographia (‘scene-painting').  Aristotle credits Sophocles with the introduction of scene painting.  In the fifth and most of the fourth century scene painting was never a depiction of natural landscape but represented with perspective the façade of a palace with columns and side porches with doors, as you see here. These paintings were mounted on wooden frames, which were placed in fron of the stage-building.   Scene  painting was not replaced with a real architectural façade until the last quarter of 4th century.
 

Here is a drawing reconstructing the whole vase painting.  The play being performed on this stage set is most likely Euripides’ lost play Peleus.  We can see a young woman eavesdropping at the door to the left and a young man wearing the headwear of a traveler.  To his right is an older man, who is pouring wine on the ground as a libation. Peleus, who is the father of Achilles, has accidentally killed his father-in-law and has had to go into exile.  He has come to Acastus in Iolcus, who is in the act of purifying him.  The eavesdropping woman at the door may be Acastus’s wife, Astydamia, who fell in love with Peleus but was rejected by the hero.  In revenge she wrote a letter to Peleus’ wife that he was going to marry Acastus’s daughter and to her husband falsely accused Peleus of trying to  rape her. With the help of the gods, Peleus thwarted Acastus’ attempt to punish him and then killed Astydamia.

Although a temple or palace was the usual background for tragedy, some plays, like the Philoctetes of Sophocles and the later play of Euripides (now lost) required a wild setting.  The scenery of the Sophoclean play seems to have been very simple: a tree and a rock.  The Euripidean Philoctetes presented a realistic representation of Philoctetes' cave.

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