Oedipus and the Messenger

This south Italian vase painting is from the second half of the fourth century BC and, unlike the previous painting, seems to have the theater as its primary reference.  The overly large heads of the two male figures along with their relatively fixed expressions suggest theatrical masks.  The old man on the left is making a speaking gesture, but does not look at the man and woman to the right.  He seems to be speaking to an unseen audience.  The background with its columns also suggests the stage.  The scene depicted here is almost certainly the messenger scene in Sophocles’ Oedipus the King.  The old man in this painting is the messenger who had come from Corinth to to tell Oedipus that his father Polybus was dead, but in the course of the conversation also revealed that Oedipus was not the true son of Polybus. The baby Oedipus had been given by a slave of Laius to this messenger, who in turn had given the child to Polybus.   This revelation will lead to Oedipus’s discovery that he has killed his father and married his mother.  Jocasta, the female figure on the right, has already realized the horrible truth and puts her right hand to her chin and her left to her cheek in a standard gesture of grief and anxiety.  Her next action is to go offstage and commit suicide.  Oedipus reveals his confusion with the gesture of stroking his beard.  The artist has beautifully captured the horror of the moment.  The two children are Antigone and Ismene, incestuous offspring of Oedipus and Jocasta,.  The artist has included them for pathetic effect, although they do not appear in this scene of the play.


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