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New Sources for Ives Studies:An Annotated Cataloguecompiled and edited by Carol K. Baron
I: Music-Related Material, in chronological order1. Russky Golos (New York, 1930) contains Henry Cowell, "Who Are The Composers in America." This issue was originally published in Russian, in Moscow, in 1929; the entire issue was translated and published in English (MC 12). 2. The New Freeman: A Weekly Opportunity to Estimate The World's Progress, Vol. 1, No. 8 (Saturday, May 3, 1930). This journal was published for only one year. This item is a fragment from which the article "Three Native Composers" by Henry Cowell had been clipped out and deposited in the Ives Collection at the Yale Music Library (MC 26). (See Appendix II, item 20, for political and familial associations found in other sections.) 3. The New Republic, Vol LXXV, No. 970 (Wednesday, July 5, 1933) contains Paul Rosenfeld, "Two Native Groups" (CB). (For politically oriented articles on issues similar to those found in Ives's own writings, see Appendix II, items 21-23.) 4. Time, Vol XXXIII, No. 5 (January 30, 1939) contains an article on Ives by an unidentified author (MC 26). 5. California Arts and Architecture (November 1940) contains Peter Yates, "Charles Ives." Each issue of this journal included an article on a contemporary writer, painter, composer, or playwright, as well as occasional reviews (MC 23). 6.-8. Material re: George Gershwin (MC 30): 7. Clipping of article from the New York World-Telegram, Section I, p. 3 (June 22, 1945) by staff writer Carol Taylor, entitled "Girl's Gershwin Portrait Acclaimed: Painting Brings $100 War Bonds And Fame at 15." Gloria Rosen, a student at the School of Industrial Art painted a portrait of George Gershwin that was to be used by the Gershwin Jubilee Committee in celebration of Gershwin week, June 29-July 5, when it would be exhibited at Aeolian Hall. 8. Clipping from New York Herald Tribune, Section IV, p. 3 (Sunday, July 1, 1945) of picture, a scene from the movie Rhapsodie in Blue. Caption on top reads: "'Rhapsodie in Blue' at the Hollywood"; caption on bottom reads: "Robert Alda as George Gershwin, with Joan Leslie." 9.-11. Listen: The Guide to Good Music, three issues (CB): 10. Vol. VIII, No. 3 (July 1946). In a perceptive and comprehensive article by Serge Frank entitled "The Symphony," Ives's Symphony No. 4 is cited among works by Schoenberg, Bartok, and Stravinsky as examples of twentieth-century music that either use the name "symphony" for lack of a better name, or are symphonic in concept but nevertheless prophetic, representing "another organic type" and not classical derivatives. 11. Vol. IX, No. 1 (November 1946) is dedicated to Ives. In "Measure for Measure" he is called "one of America's greatest creative figures." Admiring articles by Elliott Carter ("An American Destiny") and Lou Harrison ("The Music of Charles Ives") address, respectively, Ives's character and personality, and his music. Harrison points to the priority of Ives's use of compositional devices associated with twentieth-century music in order to "clear up any misapprehension that Ives was a quick copier of modern European methods." Harrison takes strong stands on several other, presently, controversial issues in the following statements: "Indeed, his original employment of new materials allied to the high range of his expression gives the lie at once to the conception of American music as an art of 'local color,' entirely dependent on styles and processes imported from the Continent and merely imbued with an 'Americanistic' flavor by the gratuitous inclusion of local folk tunes. He...[has] clearly demonstrated to all the truth that our musical spirit is not stage scenery alone, but rather a spirit and a character that drive the composer to special choices among the wide principles of the art itself, a spirit that is as well shown in his abstract choices as in any choice among already formed musico-expressive symbols. Ives...[has] at last put an end to Dvorak's high-handed and specious mischief about the 'American' style, a mischief that has had us muddling around in mediocrity for years" (p. 8). 12. Harper's Magazine, Vol. 97, No. 1180 (September 1948) contains Paul Moor, "On Horseback to Heaven: Charles Ives" (CB). 13. Vogue (April 15, 1949) contains "Musical Portraits: 7 people sketched in music by noted composers, with fragment of those musical sketches, a serious diversion...." Ives's excerpts are featured for Thoreau and Emerson. Gertrude Stein is "sketched" by Virgil Thomson; Edward Elgar and Richard Strauss and his family are sketched by the respective composers (MC 23). 14. Obituaries for Richard Strauss in the form of clippings collected from several unidentified sources, 1949 (MC 23). 15. Theater Arts, Vol. 34, No. 2 (February 1950). Contains Paul Moor, "Two Titans: the unusual music of Schoenberg and Ives, whose seventy-fifth birthdays recently passed unnoticed, has barely started to penetrate to the general public" (CB). 16. Tomorrow, Vol. 9, No. 9 (May 1950). Three copies, with "p. 10" written on their covers, drawing attention to David Ewen, "The Belated Discovery of Charles Ives" (CB). 17. Ralph Joseph Moore, Jr., "The Background and the Symbol: Charles E. Ives: A Case Study in the History of American Cultural Expression," senior essay, American Studies Department, Yale College, May 1, 1954 (CB). 18. Etude (July/August 1956), posthumously added to this collection, contains John J. Becker, "Charles E. Ives, Part Two: description of Ives's character and personality" (CB). II: Politically related Material, in chronological order19. S.A.J. (no further identification of author), "Thoreau's Incarceration (As Told by his Jailer)," reprinted from The Inlander, IX:96-103 (Ann Arbor: Michigan, December 1898) as a supplement to The Thoreau Society Bulletin. The jailer is "Old Sam Staples, the Concord Sheriff," identified in "Thoreau," Essays Before A Sonata (p. 64) and by the editor of Essays, Howard Boatwright, who wrote: "He was Thoreau's jailer in 1846 when Thoreau refused to pay his poll-tax in protest against the war with Mexico, and later, his friend and rodsman on surveying expeditions" (Ibid. p. 248, note 31). One reminiscence presents Thoreau as a "joker," contradicting Lowell's statement that "'he had no humor!'" (CB). 20. The New Freeman: A Weekly Opportunity to Estimate The World's Progress, Vol. 1, No. 8 (Saturday, May 3, 1930). (See item 2 for musical relevance.) This issue and item 1, both containing articles by Henry Cowell, are the earliest periodicals preserved in this collection. Communist-inspired, The New Freeman reports on the alleged absence of competition in the Soviet Union, reported by Americans working there at that time, in the editorial "Miscellany" (pp. 176-177). The author (unnamed but probably the editor, Suzanne LaFollette) writes: "It makes one wonder whether after all the profit-motive is the one that really makes the world go round.... To hear them [industrialists and financiers], one would suppose that if profit were abolished, nobody would have any interest in doing anything." Ives wrote that, beyond "individual maximums affecting property," "the germ of human creative endeavor has its birth in a place nearer to the soul and inner consciousness than to any external stimulant" ("The Majority," Essays, p. 169). In "George's Adventure," Ives rhetorically asks: "If Edison had known, when he made his first experiment that, no matter what he discovered, he could never make more than $100,000, would he have stopped experimenting?" Ives gives the ineluctable answer: "There has never been anything done in business or science (that has been worthwhile) that hasn't been done for the same reason Beethoven wrote the Fifth Symphony--and Beethoven was so rich that he almost starved" (Memos, p. 215). The author of "Miscellany" indicates a religious background similar to Ives's when wistfully referring to America's loss of faith in the Emersonian "Oversoul" (MC 26). 21-23. The New Republic, Vol LXXV, No. 970 (Wednesday, July 5, 1933) (MC 26) includes the following articles: 21. Leon Trotsky, "The German Catastrophe," analyzes the recent election of Hitler. Trotsky bewails the weakness of the "proletarian leadership" in the following two circumstances: 1. "The workers as a whole consider it better to have a strong leadership, even if a faulty one, than to pull in different directions" (p. 200); and 2. the indecisiveness of the "Praesidium of the Executive Committee of the Communist International," "preferred...a coalition with the bourgoisie to a coalition with the Communists.... The Praesidium justifies the passive retreat [vis-a-vis the Fascists]" for this reason: "'lacking the support of the majority of the working class,' [it] could not engage in a decisive battle without committing a crime" (p. 201). Trotsky claims the German proletariat was "paralyzed from above" (p. 202). Ives, following his convictions about direct democracy, criticizes the "Russian Soviet government leaders, Lenin and Trotsky," in what reads like a direct response to item 21. Ives calls them "'back numbers' who still hold, as far as we can learn, reactionary views regarding the function and ability of the proletariat. They have still to learn that there is no hope for any social progress until the social-machinery government...is guided by the 'brain' of the proletariat--that is, until each man and woman has a direct say in the fundamental things their government does..." ("George's Adventures," Memos, p. 213). 22. George Soule, "The New Deal in Practice," raises the problem of anarchy, in lieu of cooperation, at the root of industrial relations. He calls it industry's chief enemy, which became apparent during the time of war, and describes the procedures and remedies that were introduced by the National Industrial Recovery Act in a period of crisis. Ives believed that cooperation between Capital and Labor is inherently necessary: "The Universal Mind knows, perhaps subconsciously,...that there is no distinct difference between Capital and Labor--that they are but particles of the same part of Nature." Ives calls Capital the "stored-up energy of past labor," "the shovel part," and Labor "the muscle part"; "somehow the kinetic energy in the shovel-part becomes potential when acted upon by the muscle part--and so more industry becomes possible, and so Man presumably enjoys life more," etc. Ives recommends the regulatory intervention of the "State," representing the will of the "Majority Mind" ("The Majority," Essays, 146-148). 23. The editorial in "The Week" refers to challenges posed by the provision of the Industrial Recovery Act stating "that labor is entitled to bargain collectively." Another editorial, "What Kind of Internationalism?," reports that, at the Economic Conference in London, the national self-interest of the American delegation, which favored a controlled national economy, was an obstacle to international cooperation. This meeting was a step towards the international government Ives desired. Ives addressed the issue of the tariff and free trade, always in favor of free trade, and was critical of the consistently self-protective position of the U.S.: "If it could be demonstrated to open minds...that tariff protection does not raise wages or keep them up except in unnatural or non-indigenous occupations or industries...the whole tariff question could be settled comparatively quickly, accurately...." ("The Majority," Essays, 164-165). 24. Clipping from The New York Times (Wednesday, November 4, 1936), p. 5, announcing F.D. Roosevelt's victory, contains Ives's marginal note: "How many of these nice cheerers know that what [is] in platforms, promises, texts, etc---none! The people can't & aren't suppose[d] to think?--just 'cheer Rah Rah Rah--to [sign of a swastika] & Politicians. They (the politician rules--not people--googy" [followed by an undecipherable figure]. Not surprisingly, Ives responded negatively to Franklin Roosevelt's authoritative and authoritarian personality--the exemplification of a "leader." Ives disapproved of Roosevelt's tremendous popularity, since, according to Ives, empowering an individual was inherently dangerous and impeded social progress, which required the increased participation of the citizenry. Ives believed direct democracy--the way of the future--would obviate the need to designate individual leaders: "The group has had to depend on the individual as leaders, and the leaders, with few exceptions, restrained the universal mind.... But now, thanks to the lessons of evolution...the public store of reason is gradually taking the place of the once-needed leader.... Ives lists "labor legislation" and "suffrage extension" as examples proving the evolution of an expanding democracy, in which "the movement is the leader" ("Emerson," Essays, p. 34). In "The Majority," he writes: "The theory is wrong that accepts leaders as such and as essentials" ("The Majority," Essays, p. 150), (CB). 25-26. Harper's Monthly Magazine, Vol. 176 (May 1938) contains two articles relevant to Ives's family and interests (MC 28): 25. Max Eastman, "Mark Twain's Elmira," offers important biographical material about Mark Twain and his wife, known to Ives through his father-in-law, the minister Joseph Twitchell, who was Twain's closest friend. Eastman writes at length about the Congregationalist religious community in Elmira, which was similar to that of the Ives family in Danbury and the Twitchells' in Hartford. The pastor in Elmira was Thomas K. Beecher (half-brother of Henry Ward Beecher), who Eastman claims was a "dominant and molding intellectual and spiritual force...in large measure to Mark Twain himself." Eastman's observations that Beecher called himself teacher not minister, and did not believe in preaching in order to encourage democratic participation, were characteristic of the progressive-wing of Connecticut Congregationalist, as well as Massachusetts Unitarian, ministers. (See Ives's attitudes towards "leaders" in item 22). Raised in Elmira, Eastman's mother was an associate pastor of Thomas Beecher. Eastman is remembered primarily as founder, editor, and publisher of The Masses, a left-wing, radical literary and political journal published from 1910 through 1917. He was twice brought to trial in 1918 by Attorney General A. Mitchell Palmer for editorial opposition to the United States entry into World War I under the Espionage Act of 1917 and the Sedition Act of 1918, anticipating the wide-scale incarcerations of people in the "Red Scare" of January 1920 under Palmer. In 1914-15, Ives composed the choral piece entitled "The Masses," referring to the name of Eastman's magazine, with a text that poetically uses the left-wing political language current at the time. 26. Carl Landauer, "The American Way: As It Looks To An Emigré from Germany," presents several themes Ives addressed, using similar terms and concepts: "the process of democratic evolution"; "the settlement of disputes between social groups" without the intervention of a "privileged power"; "representative democracy...us[ing] majority rule for the peaceful settlement of all conflicts;" and change won "through persuasion" (cf., e.g., "The Majority," Essays, p. 197). Landauer focuses on two issues that deeply interested Ives: the distribution of wealth and the locus of power. Landauer points to a failure in the American democratic system, whereby political equality did not result in equality of economic opportunity, because "industrial development favored concentration of property and the building up of positions of economic power, largely hereditary in character" (p. 634; see annotation for item 22). Landauer also raises the question of government interference leading to loss of personal initiative, and of the extension of the powers of government through regulation. Whereas Landauer interprets government power to reside in "rulers," including elected representatives, Ives favors power that resides in the "majority," as it would under a system using initiative and referendum as institutionalized in a direct democracy. Landauer's account of protective measures in place in 1938, largely reflecting Roosevelt's New Deal legislation, finds resonance in Ives's view of the regulatory function of the state. 27. Bulletin of the Museum of Modern Art, Vol. VII, No. 4 (August 1940). "Orozco 'Explains,'" the lead article, was written by Jos‚ Clemente Orozco (1883-1949), one of the great Mexican mural painters associated with the Mexican Revolution of 1910 and then with the revolutionary ideology that remained an aspect of the adversarial cultural discourse of the post-revolutionary period. Orozco discusses a just-completed fresco, "The Dive Bomber," painted on six moveable panels, that was commissioned by the Museum of Modern Art. The painter is sarcastic in regard to the public's demand for "explanations" about art, but he nevertheless contributes the following explanation (perhaps of interest to Ives): "A painting is a Poem and nothing else. A poem made of relationships between forms as other kinds of poems are made of relationships between words, sounds or ideas. Sculpture and architecture are also relationships between forms. This word forms includes color, tone, proportion, line, et cetera" (p. 8) (MC 38). 28-29. Federal Council Bulletin: A Journal of Interchurch Cooperation, Vol. XXV, No. 3 (March 1942), issued by the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America contains two items of particular interest (CB): 28. "Declaration of Common Beliefs" contains the complete statement of "fundamental religious beliefs held in common by Protestants, Catholics and Jews," which was "the first statement of its kind in the nation's history." Issued by the National Conference of Christians and Jews, the statement was signed by "many of the nation's leading clergymen and laymen." Ives articulated a universalist religious orientation: "a conception unlimited by the narrow names Christian, Pagan, Jew, or Angel" ("Epilogue," Essays Before A Sonata, p. 96). He undoubtedly appreciated the significance of this historical event, a national attempt to advance understanding between different religions. 29. Entitled "The Churches and Enemy Aliens," this item was a response to the wartime incarceration of Japanese-Americans on the west coast and announced the organization of the Commission on Aliens and Prisoners of War for the purpose of providing succor to those detained. Ives abhored "the evils of race prejudice" ("The Majority," Essays, p. 183) and would have keenly responded to the injustice of the situation. 30. The American Child, Vol. XXV/5 (May 1943), National Child Labor Committee describes child labor exploitation nationwide, noting: a marked increase in child employment between 1940-1942; dropping high school enrollments; and the failure of Congress to ratify the Federal Child Labor Amendment, focussing on the situation in Texan where the newspapers opposed legislation, because it would affect the age of carrier boys and require permit. The conclusion reached is that "sooner or later the social conscience of Texans will override the opalescent greed of selfish interests. It will not be easy." Here again, Ives's speculation in "The Majority" (Essays, p. 183) that the problem of child labor, as well as other problems, would be solved if Congress's role were relegated to implementing the decisions attained by direct vote, reads like a direct response (MC 25). 31. Letter from Gabriel A. Wechsler, National Secretary, Committee for a Jewish Army of Stateless & Palestinian Jews, dated May 13, 1943 . Ives is thanked for his concern and asked to send "a wire to Prime Minister Winston Churchill, The White House, Washington, D.C.," "requesting him to open the doors of Palestine." Founded in 1939 to gain permission from the British government to establish a separate Jewish army to fight under the supreme Allied Command (Wyman, p. 84), the Committee's mandate changed by the end of 1942 to organizing efforts to rescue European Jews from extermination by the Nazis. The letter was sent to Ives five months after a large advertisement in The New York Times (December 5, 1942) made widely-known, for the first time, reports of the Nazi plans to exterminate the Jews. Two months later another large advertisement in The New York Times (February 16, 1943), requested "'that the United Nations immediately appoint an intergovernmental committee' to formulate ways to stop the extermination" and announced a campaign to rescue 70,000 Roumanian Jews. It "invited readers to join the fight by informing friends, by writing congressman, and by sending contributions 'for the further distribution of messages like these'" (Wyman, pp. 86-87; p. 367, notes 28 and 31), (MC 23). 32-38. The Answer: A Non-Sectarian Approach to the Problems of the Hebrew People in Europe and Palestine, originally subtitled War and Post-War Aims of thge Jewish People. I was able to date Vol. IV/7 (July 1946) but handled six other issues from the same year. I was unable to ascertain specific dates because of time constraints. (The publication dates for this bulletin are April 1943 through December 17, 1948.) Although published independently, this bulletin voiced the concerns of the Committee (see item 31 above). Ives probably became a subscriber with the first issue, of April 1943, a date roughly coinciding with that of his letter from the Committee. Ives's interest is notable, since only a minority of the American public knew "that terrible things were happening to the European Jews." News releases, beginning in late 1942, had been delegated to "small articles in back pages" (Wyman, p. 326). As a subscriber to The Answer, Ives would have been among those who were best informed (CB). 39-44. Washington Bulletin: Americans United for World Government, Inc., Vol. 3, No. 2 (May 22, 1946) through Vol 3, No. 10 (July 18, 1946). (Publication ceased with Vol. 3, No. 16 [October 28, 1946]). The bulletin functioned politically, reporting voting records of members of Congress on bills and resolutions bearing on international relations. Among the topics it followed were: the need to avoid the semblance of a block by giving a loan to Britain; Britain's responsibility "to live up to its treaty obligations in regard to its Palestine mandate"; opposition to the "smear technique in the worst tradition of American reactionaries" used by John Rankin's House Un-American Activities Committee; atomic energy legislation in Congress and proposals at the United Nations--the Baruch Report; how to maintain a standing army; the need to contribute foodstuffs to famine-ridden areas around the world; and American Congressional policies vis-a-vis the United Nations. Before the 1946 election, the Washington Bulletin issued the "Roundup of Candidates," in which "as part of its action of political action, Americans United has charted Congressional votes on all major international legislation" for senators and representatives seeking re-election. The criteria for judgment were "Internationalist"--marking agreement with the positions of Americans United--"Isolationist," "On the Fence," and "Evenly Divided." The Washington Bulletin also cited organizations that supported the positions of Americans United; among them were the Unitarians and the Federated Council of the Churches of Christ in America (see items 28-29). See Ives's position regarding world government in "A People's World Nation," largely derived from Wilson's "Fourteen Points" of January, 1918 (Essays, pp. 225-232), (CB). 45. Letters to the membership of the above organization (CB). 46. Clipping entitled "Thunder Over the Police Department: When Militant Pastor Roared Challenge to Vice Graft in Hectic 1894 Expose," New York World-Telegram, Section 2 (Thursday, December 26, 1946). This article, the first of a series on "famous police investigations of the past," mainly concerns the efforts of clergyman-reformer Reverend Charles Henry Parkhurst, who turned detective to prove his allegations of police corruption in New York City, precipitating the broadly-based Lexow investigation. The article has humorous and titillating dimensions as, for example, in the following paragraph: "With two companions...Dr. Parkhurst devoted his nights, as he later said, to `traversing the avenues of our municipal hell.' He afterwards told on the witness stand of midnight orgies in a house of ill-fame and described how he played a game of leapfrog with prostitutes to persuade them he was really `a sport from Chicago.'" That Ives did not think highly of Parkhurst is implied by his remark in "Thoreau" (Essays, p. 63), (CB). 47. The New York Times Magazine, Section VI (March 16, 1947). The lead article is Sidney Hook, "What Exactly Do We Mean By `Democracy': And Can There Be More than One Kind Of Democracy When The Term Is Rightly Used?" (pp. 9-10). The distinction between political "equality" and "freedom" is discussed in a post-World War II context. This article is a response to claims by the Soviet Union and other totalitarian states to being democracies. Hook examines the meaning of democracy when economic security is exchanged for political freedom, concluding that economic security is really illusory under these circumstances. Hook's ideas are frequently similar to Ives's, as when he says that a democratic government's "fundamental assumption is that by and large human beings are themselves the best judges of their own interests or, at the very least, better judges than any one man or group of men," an "assumption... denied by all despotisms, including benevolent ones." Ives states the same idea when he distinguishes the will of the "Majority--the People" from that of "the hog-mind, the self-will of the Minority (the Non-People)" ("The Majority," Essays, p. 142). While Hook, like Ives, finds the level of democracy in the United States still wanting, he also finds that the democratic processes of this country possess "the instruments by which it can make more complete the promise of equality and freedom." The article's concern with open access to information and "the rights of opposition" echoes Ives's own requisites for direct democracy. Ives's proposal for "individual maximum property levels" (see Ibid., pp. 169-172) is his idealized solution to the problem of political power undermined by the "inequalities in social status and economic power" articulated by Hook (CB). 48. The New York Times Book Review, Section 7 (July 6, 1947). The front-page review by William B. Hamilton, "Opportunity, Turmoil, Growth: The Genesis of American Democracy, and the Revolutions That Shaped It" is of The Shaping of the American Tradition, edited by Louis M. Hacker and Helen S. Zahler, 2 vols. (New York: Columbia University Press). The editors of this documentary study claim that American democracy was shaped during its three revolutions: The War for Independence, the Civil War, and the New Deal, each of which is interpreted in economic terms (CB). 49. Henry L. Stimson, "The Challenge to Americans," a reprint from Foreign Affairs: An American Quarterly Review, Vol. 26/1 (October 1947). Ives received this reprint from the Committee for the Marshal Plan to Aid European Recovery. Stimson articulates the need to accomodate national differences in planning for peace: "We must remember that we are building world peace, not an American peace. Freedom demands tolerance, and many Americans have much to learn about the variety of forms which free societies may take" (p. 11). Ives anticipated Stimson's perception of the needs of national differences when he wrote: "No country shall force or try to force on another country any economic [or] political plan, system or 'ism.' Each country will work out its own natural ways from the soil up to better things, and after careful thought, [to] the will of the people--processes that will come in a gradual growth, perhaps several generations" ("A People's World Nation," Essays, p. 228). Stimson also locates fault with American reluctance to become a "wholly committed member of the world community." He asserts that "our refusal to catch up with reality [for more than a generation] was the major source of our considerable share of the responsibility for the catastrophe of World War II" (p. 5). Reading that statement, Ives could have felt vindicated for his own unswerving support of the League of Nations (CB). 50-51. Saturday Review, Vol. XXI, No. 35 (August 28, 1948) contains reviews of two books that focus on issues noted in above items, as well as in Ives's political writings (CB): 50. Garrett Mattingly, "Leashed Power," review of Clinton L Rossiter, Constitutional Dictatorship: Crisis Government in the Modern Democracies (Princeton University Press, 1948). Rossiter "illuminates...the different political temperaments and habits of the people of...four nations"--Germany, France, Great Britain, and Russia--that influenced their respective methods for change and experiences of constitutional dictatorship (see annotation for item 49.) 51. Milton R. Konnvitz, "Only Through Controls," review of Joseph Rosenfarb, Freedom and the Administrative State (New York: Harper & Bros., 1948). Rosenfarb suggests that "the controls...employed during the war should become permanent features of our economic system" in order to ensure "a stabilized economy and security." He discusses the "administrative state" as inevitable if the then-existing economy is to be maintained, "which places so great a premium on full and continuous employment." (See annotation for item 22 in regard to Ives's view of the regulatory state.) 52. "The Security of the United States & Western Europe", Commission to Study the Organization of Peace, Research Affiliate of the American Association for the United Nations, Inc. (January 1949)--one of a series of studies prepared by the American Association for the United Nations, Inc. (CB). Another booklet in this series, issued in September 1948, is entitled United Nations Guards and Technical Services; its principal topic is the need for, and function of, a "World Police." Ives introduces this idea in "A People's World Nation" (Essays, p. 229); "The Majority" (Essays, p. 154); and "George's Adventure" Memos, p. 221. The editor of Essays, Howard Boatwright, dates "A People's World Nation" primarily from World War I with additions from the period of World War II, and "The Majority," from 1920 and earlier. Ives's idea regarding the world police was probably derived from earlier references, such as the League to Enforce Peace, founded in 1912 (Walworth, p. 37); or Theodore Roosevelt's acceptance speech for the Nobel Prize in the same year, and then in an article entitled "Utopia or Hell" (in Morison, Letters VIII, p. 1056, from Walworth, p. 37, footnote 14); or, also, from 1912, a resolution passed by "the Republican Congress...calling for arbitration and disarmament and even for constituting the combined navies of the world in an international police force for the preservation of peace" (Walworth, p. 37, footnote 14]). 53. Civil Liberties, American Civil Liberties Union, No. 81 (April 1950) contains articles covering the following topics: the blacklisting of individuals accused of being communists or communist sympathizers; anti-subversive decisions generally involving loyalty oaths in violation of academic and political freedom; the Mundt-Nixon bills, anti-subversive measures then before both houses of Congress; and a resolution criticizing the hearings conducted by Joseph McCarthy. The final article addresses the need for reforms guaranteeing fair and democratic procedures in congressional investingating committees (CB). Compare to items 39-44, regarding the Rankin investigations. Probably provoked by the Palmer investigations (see item 25), Ives cogently commented about periods of curtailed civil liberties: "Americans (most of them) have been free men for centuries--at least they have been free to think, and usually (except when the country occasionally passes through a neurotic low ebb) free to say what they think" ("The Majority," Essays, p. 196). 54. America: National Catholic Weekly Review, September 1953, incompletely identified. Volume 89/23 (September 5, 1953) contains reviews of two books on economic theory; Volume 89/25 (September 19, 1953) contains the article, "Social Doctrine: Catholic, Protestant" by Harry W. Kimball, reporting on the differences between Catholic and Protestant views of national economic policies (CB). III: Music55. Brahms: Triumphal Hymn, sacred cantata, Op. 55, vocal score (New York: G. Schirmer, n.d., #22898). 56. Bruckner: Symphony No. 6 (Leipzig: Ernst Eulenburg, n.d., UE 3596). 57. Dvorak: F-major Quartet (Berlin: N. Simrock, 1894). 58. Elgar: Dream of Gerontius, Op. 38 (London: Novello, 1900). 59. Haydn, Joseph: The Seven Words of Our Savior on the Cross, vocal score, English adaptation (London: Novello, Ewer & Co., n.d.) 60. Mozart: Symphonies in G minor, E major, and C major (Leipzig: C.F. Peters, n.d., #5504). 61. Parker, Horatio: Seven Greek Pastoral Scenes, Op. 74. Text by Meleager and Argentarius (G. Schirmer, 1913). Signed: "With Warmest regards to Mr. Ives from Anna Parker." 62. Schubert songs, with English translation (no further information available). 63. Stainer: Cantata, The Daughter of Jairus, octavio edition (London: Novello, Ewer & Co., n.d.). IV: Librettos in English Translations64. Charpentier: Louise (no further information available). 65. Debussy: Pelléas and Melisande (New York: G. Schirmer, 1907). 66. Franchetti, Alberto: Germania, English version (G. Ricordi, 1907). 67. Leoncavallo: Pagliacci (Boston: Oliver Ditson Co., n.d.), produced at Metropolitan Opera House. 68. Massenet: La Navarraise (produced by Manhattan Opera House, 1895). 69. Verdi: Il Trovatore (no further information available. BibliographyIves, Charles E. Essays Before A Sonata. New York: Knickerbocker Press, 1920. _______________. Essays Before A Sonata, The Majority, and Other
Writings, _______________. Memos, ed. John Kirkpatrick. (New York: W.W. Norton, 1972). Morison, Elting E., ed. Letters of Theodore Roosevelt, Vol. VIII, The
Days of Walworth, Arthur. Woodrow Wilson, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1965. Wyner, David S. The Abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, |